Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram: Fees, Cutoff, Admission and Courses

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS) is an eminent, top-tier co-educational medical teaching institution and tertiary healthcare complex located at Suraram in Quthbullapur Mandal, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Greater Hyderabad, Telangana. Established in 2012 by the Chandramma Educational Society under the dynamic leadership of Sri Ch. Malla Reddy, the institution is fully recognized by the National Medical Commission (NMC) and affiliated with Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences (KNRUHS), Warangal, with recent status as a constituent medical college of Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth (Deemed-to-be University). Operating with an expanded undergraduate intake of 200 MBBS seats and over 160 postgraduate MD and MS seats across clinical, surgical, and diagnostic specialities, the campus integrates the renowned 1,250-bed Malla Reddy Narayana Multi-Speciality Teaching Hospital serving the dense residential and industrial belts of northern Greater Hyderabad.

Medical admissions across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences are conducted through centralized single-window counselling administered by KNRUHS (for state quota and management seats) and MCC (for deemed university counselling) based on all-India merit ranks in NEET UG and NEET PG. Tuition fees for state-quota seats strictly adhere to statutory determinations of the Telangana Admission and Fee Regulatory Committee (TAFRC). Annual MBBS tuition fees under the state framework are ₹60,000 for Category A (Competent Authority Quota), ₹13,00,000 for Category B (Management Quota), and ₹26,00,000 for Category C (NRI Quota), alongside statutory Deemed University annual management fee schedules. For postgraduate MD and MS degree programmes, statutory annual tuition fees are ₹7,75,000 (Category A) and ₹25,20,000 (Category B) for Clinical specialities, ₹5,30,000 (Category A) and ₹8,00,000 (Category B) for Para-Clinical disciplines, and ₹1,70,000 (Category A) and ₹2,50,000 (Category B) for Pre-Clinical subjects.

Quick Facts

The essential administrative, regulatory, operational, and demographic benchmarks of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences are summarized below:

Student Data Snapshot

The student demographic distribution at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences reflects high academic competitiveness, strong regional and national diversity, and balanced gender ratios:

About

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS) is recognized as one of the largest and most influential private medical teaching institutions in Telangana. Established in 2012 by the Chandramma Educational Society under the visionary leadership of Sri Ch. Malla Reddy, the college is situated at Suraram along the major arterial corridor connecting Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, and Medchal with central Hyderabad. Built as the flagship healthcare anchor of the sprawling 45-acre Malla Reddy Health City, the campus combines world-class undergraduate and postgraduate medical education with advanced tertiary and quaternary healthcare delivery.

The academic infrastructure of MRIMS encompasses modern multi-storeyed educational towers housing central air-conditioned lecture theaters, expansive preclinical dissection facilities, automated diagnostic laboratories, a multi-tier central library, and specialized clinical simulation suites. Operating in full compliance with National Medical Commission CBME guidelines and university academic regulations, the institution pairs rigorous theoretical grounding with massive bedside clinical postings in its attached 1,250-bed teaching hospital.

History & Background

The history of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is rooted in the extensive educational expansion led by the Malla Reddy Group of Institutions, which founded numerous premier engineering, pharmacy, and management colleges across Greater Hyderabad during the 1990s and 2000s. Recognizing the critical deficit of tertiary healthcare in the northern industrial and residential periphery of Hyderabad, the Chandramma Educational Society laid the foundation for an integrated medical city in Suraram in the late 2000s.

Following exhaustive clinical development and statutory inspections, the Medical Council of India (now NMC) granted Letter of Permission (LoP) in 2012 for an initial intake of 150 MBBS students. Building upon sustained academic excellence and heavy hospital occupancy, the NMC approved an expansion of annual intake to 200 MBBS seats. Concurrently, the college developed robust post-graduate medical departments, securing approvals for over 160 MD/MS seats across 18 specialities, positioning MRIMS as an undisputed academic heavyweight in southern India.

Academic Environment

The academic environment at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is intellectually stimulating, research-driven, and clinically rigorous. With 200 undergraduate scholars and over 480 postgraduate residents on campus simultaneously, learning takes place in a highly dynamic clinical environment. The college features six high-capacity air-conditioned lecture theaters with seating capacities ranging from 200 to 300 students, fitted with acoustic baffling, interactive smart consoles, document visualizers, and automated lecture recording systems.

Curriculum delivery adheres strictly to the NMC Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) model. First-year medical students participate in structured Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) starting from their initial month, rotating through outpatient clinics and inpatient wards to link anatomical structures and physiological principles with clinical cases. Practical training incorporates Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCE) and Objective Structured Practical Examinations (OSPE). Regular departmental clinical-pathological conferences (CPC), mortality-morbidity audits, surgical video reviews, and journal clubs foster diagnostic precision and academic rigor.

Why Choose

Aspirants and parents consistently choose Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences among their top preferences in medical counselling for several compelling reasons:

• Massive 1,250-Bed Teaching Hospital: Exceptional patient volume averaging over 2,500 outpatients daily ensures an unrivaled spectrum of clinical conditions across medicine, surgery, pediatrics, orthopedics, and emergency trauma.
• Huge 160+ Seat Postgraduate Ecosystem: Over 160 MD/MS resident doctors across 18 departments create an advanced academic hospital environment with 24/7 emergency coverage and intensive bedside clinical mentorship.
• Expanded 200 MBBS Intake: NMC-approved capacity for 200 undergraduate scholars, providing extensive peer learning and vast clinical department resources.
• Prime Urban Location in Greater Hyderabad: Located in Suraram, easily reachable from Secunderabad, Kukatpally, Balanagar, Kompally, and Jeedimetla via major highways and city transit.
• Renowned Malla Reddy Group Pedigree: Over three decades of educational leadership ensuring robust administrative management, state-of-the-art campus infrastructure, and high university pass rates.

Courses Offered, Fee and Intake

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences offers undergraduate MBBS and a comprehensive portfolio of 18 postgraduate MD and MS degree programmes. All programmes are approved by the National Medical Commission and affiliated with KNRUHS / Malla Reddy Vishwavidyapeeth:

Seat Matrix and Quota

The seat distribution across undergraduate and postgraduate programmes at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences complies with statutory regulatory allocation percentages. Under the state counselling matrix for the 200 approved MBBS seats, the quota split reconciles as 100 + 70 + 30 = 200 seats:

Under Category A Competent Authority seats, statutory vertical reservations mandated by the Government of Telangana apply in full: 15% for Scheduled Castes (SC), 10% for Scheduled Tribes (ST), 29% for Backward Classes (BC-A 7%, BC-B 10%, BC-C 1%, BC-D 7%, BC-E 4%), and 10% for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS). Furthermore, a 33.33% horizontal quota for female candidates and a 5% reservation for Persons with Disabilities (PwD) are enforced.

Admission Process

Admission to all seats at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is administered through centralized single-window web counselling. Direct admissions or unverified backdoor entries are completely prohibited under NMC regulations. The admission sequence is as follows:

1. National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test: Qualify in NEET UG for undergraduate MBBS or NEET PG for postgraduate medical specialities with scores above the prescribed percentile cutoff.
2. Online Registration: Register online at knruhs.telangana.gov.in (for state quota and management quota) or mcc.nic.in (for deemed university counselling) under the relevant notification.
3. Document Upload & Verification: Upload scanned original certificates, study bonafides, and category documentation for digital verification by scrutiny officers.
4. Merit List Inclusion: Verify your name and rank on the provisional and final merit lists issued by the counselling authority.
5. Web-Option Entry: Exercise online web preferences during active counselling phases, placing MRIMS Suraram (College Code: MRMC / 034) at desired preference levels.
6. Allotment & Physical Reporting: Upon seat allotment, download the provisional allotment order, pay the university registration fee online, and report to the campus in Suraram within the prescribed deadline with original documents and tuition fee demand drafts.

Eligibility and Documents

Prospective candidates must satisfy all statutory eligibility conditions at the time of counselling verification:

Undergraduate (MBBS) Criteria:

• Minimum 17 years of age on or before 31st December of the admission year.
• Passed Intermediate (10+2) or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology, and English.
• Minimum aggregate of 50% marks in PCB (40% for SC/ST/BC applicants; 45% for PwD).
• Qualified in NEET UG with the required cutoff score.

Postgraduate (MD/MS) Criteria:

• Recognized MBBS degree from an institution approved by the National Medical Commission.
• Completion of 1-year Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship (CRMI) on or before the NMC cutoff date.
• Permanent or provisional registration certificate from TSMC or NMC.
• Qualified in NEET PG of the corresponding academic cycle.

Checklist of Mandatory Documents at Reporting:

• Provisional Allotment Order and University Fee Payment Receipt
• NEET UG / NEET PG Admit Card and Official Rank Card
• SSC / Class 10 Marks Memorandum (Date of Birth Proof)
• Intermediate (10+2) / Higher Secondary Marks Memorandum and Pass Certificate
• MBBS Degree Certificate and Consolidated Marks Sheets (for PG candidates)
• Compulsory Rotating Internship Completion Certificate (for PG entrants)
• Medical Council Registration Certificate (TSMC or NMC)
• Study, Conduct, and Bonafide Certificates from Class 6 to Intermediate (or MBBS)
• Transfer Certificate (TC) and Migration Certificate
• Caste/Community and Income Certificates issued by MeeSeva (for reservation claimants)
• Equivalence Certificate from KNRUHS (for candidates from non-state boards)
• Aadhaar Card copy of candidate and parent
• 10 Passport Size Photographs and 2 Stamp Size Photographs
• NRI Sponsorship Documents, Embassy Verification, and Relationship Undertakings (for Cat C)

Fee Structure

Tuition fees at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences follow TAFRC statutory determinations for private un-aided medical colleges in Telangana alongside Deemed University fee schedules. The fee structure across quotas is itemized below:

Total Budget Planning

A comprehensive, 5-year financial projection for the full MBBS course at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is detailed below, accounting for tuition, residential accommodation, dining, university dues, and academic expenses:

Day scholars residing in Kukatpally, Secunderabad, Balanagar, Jeedimetla, or Kompally save approximately ₹7,25,000 across their course duration, though institutional bus transportation charges (ranging between ₹28,000 and ₹42,000 annually depending on route) apply.

NEET Cutoff

Due to its high clinical volume, established brand, and prime Greater Hyderabad location, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences commands competitive cutoffs in medical counselling. Historical closing ranks across recent admissions cycles are shown below:

Teaching Hospital and Clinical Exposure

The clinical centerpiece of Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is the massive 1,250-bed Malla Reddy Narayana Multi-Speciality Teaching Hospital situated within the Suraram campus. Operating as the primary tertiary healthcare center for the densely populated northern quadrant of Greater Hyderabad, the hospital serves Jeedimetla, Quthbullapur, Medchal, Balanagar, and surrounding semi-industrial zones.

The hospital operates a 24/7 Level-1 Emergency and Trauma Care Centre equipped with dedicated resuscitation bays, mobile imaging units, emergency operating suites, and rapid-access intensive care. Broad speciality departments include General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Ophthalmology, ENT, Dermatology (DVL), Psychiatry, Pulmonology, and Anaesthesiology, alongside advanced super-speciality wings in Cardiology, Nephrology, Urology, Neurosurgery, and Plastic Surgery. Critical care infrastructure comprises over 120 intensive care beds (MICU, SICU, ICCU, PICU, NICU).

With daily outpatient footfalls averaging between 2,400 and 2,800 patients and inpatient bed occupancy routinely exceeding 82%, undergraduate medical students and postgraduate residents encounter an extraordinary case diversity. Trainees gain hands-on clinical exposure to complex cardiovascular emergencies, polytrauma, industrial burn injuries, high-risk obstetrics, neonatal intensive care, and major surgical procedures under direct faculty guidance.

MBBS Curriculum and Internship

The undergraduate medical curriculum spans 4.5 years followed by 1 full year of Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship (CRMI), structured in four distinct phases under the NMC CBME architecture:

• Phase I (First Professional – 12 Months): Human Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry. Incorporates Early Clinical Exposure (ECE), clinical skill lab foundation, and Attitude, Ethics, and Communication (AETCOM) modules.
• Phase II (Second Professional – 12 Months): Pathology, Microbiology, and Pharmacology. Emphasizes disease mechanisms, pharmacotherapy, diagnostic investigations, and introductory clinical postings in hospital wards.
• Phase III Part 1 (Third Professional Part 1 – 12 Months): Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Community Medicine, Ophthalmology, and Otorhinolaryngology (ENT). Includes community outreach visits, rural health surveys, and clinical ward postings.
• Phase III Part 2 (Final Professional – 18 Months): General Medicine, General Surgery, Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Paediatrics, Orthopaedics, Anaesthesiology, Dermatology, Psychiatry, and Radio-Diagnosis. Features daily morning bedside clinics, major and minor OT attendance, and emergency night duties.
• Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship (12 Months): Intensive hands-on residency across General Medicine (2 Months), General Surgery (2 Months), Obstetrics & Gynaecology (2 Months), Community Medicine / RHTC (2 Months), Paediatrics (1 Month), Orthopaedics & PMR (1 Month), Emergency Medicine / Casualty (15 Days), Anaesthesiology (15 Days), and Electives (1 Month).

Bond, Internship Stipend and Refund

Regulatory commitments governing student service bonds, internship compensation, and tuition fee refund regulations are strictly enforced:

• Compulsory Rural Service Bond: In alignment with Government of Telangana orders, candidates admitted under Category A (Convenor Quota) sign a service bond undertaking to serve for 1 year in designated government rural healthcare centers if requisitioned by the health department. Failure to fulfill the bond upon formal call-up attracts a penalty of ₹20,00,000.
• Seat Discontinuation Penalty: Candidates discontinuing their MBBS seat after the official mop-up / stray vacancy cutoff date are subject to a discontinuation penalty of ₹3,00,000 plus reimbursement of tuition fees for the balance course duration.
• Internship Stipend: House surgeons (CRMI interns) at MRIMS receive a monthly stipend ranging between ₹6,000 and ₹9,000 as per prevailing private medical college norms in Telangana.
• Fee Refund Policy: Complete refund of tuition fees (less processing charges of ₹1,000 to ₹5,000) is executed if a candidate vacates their seat during official counselling rounds prior to the university stipulated last date for free exit.

Campus Facilities

Part of the integrated 45-acre Malla Reddy Health City in Suraram, MRIMS incorporates world-class educational and student infrastructure:

• Lecture Auditoriums: Six gallery-type, fully air-conditioned lecture theaters with 250+ seating capacity each, fitted with smart boards, high-resolution visualizers, audio amplifiers, and automated lecture capture systems.
• Central Medical Library: A two-floor air-conditioned knowledge center stocking over 15,000 medical textbooks, 140 national and international print journals, and a 60-terminal Digital Library with access to ClinicalKey, PubMed, UpToDate, and DELNET.
• Clinical Skill Simulation Lab: Equipped with high-fidelity adult and neonatal resuscitation manikins, intravenous task trainers, catheterization simulators, laparoscopic trainers, and suturing models.
• Advanced Diagnostics: 1.5T MRI, 128-slice CT scanner, flat-panel digital Cath Lab, automated biochemistry lines, automated blood gas analyzers, and molecular testing facilities.
• Dissection Hall & Museums: A well-ventilated 200-student anatomical dissection facility paired with specialized pathology, pharmacology, and forensic medicine specimen museums displaying over 800 mounted specimens.
• Auditorium & Cafeteria: A 1,200-seat multi-purpose auditorium for academic conferences and cultural events, complemented by hygienic student cafeterias and food courts serving multi-cuisine meals.
• Sports Facilities: Outdoor cricket ground, football field, volleyball courts, basketball court, and indoor table tennis and gymnasium facilities.

Hostel Facilities

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences provides dedicated on-campus residential accommodation for undergraduate students, postgraduate residents, and nursing scholars:

• Separate Blocks: Distinct multi-storeyed residential complexes for male and female students with 24/7 security personnel, biometric access systems, and comprehensive CCTV coverage in common corridors.
• Room Configurations: Two-sharing and three-sharing fully furnished rooms equipped with study tables, chairs, wardrobes, bookshelves, and attached washrooms. Air-conditioned rooms are available on request.
• Dining & Mess: Student-managed hygienic dining mess serving nutritious South Indian and North Indian vegetarian and non-vegetarian meals prepared in mechanized steam-jacketed kitchens.
• Utilities: 24-hour generator power backup, RO purified drinking water stations, and solar hot water systems on all hostel terraces.
• Recreation: Dedicated common rooms with satellite television, indoor board games, and reading lounges on each floor.

Faculty, Research and Student Life

The teaching cadre at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences comprises distinguished medical professors, clinical department heads, and senior consultants recruited from top government medical institutions like Osmania Medical College and Gandhi Medical College. Faculty members actively mentor undergraduate scholars under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Short Term Studentship (STS) scheme, guiding them through research methodologies and scientific manuscript preparation.

Student life at MRIMS is dynamic and culturally vibrant. The Student Council organizes the annual flagship inter-collegiate cultural and sports festival ‘MEDFEST’, bringing together medical scholars from across Telangana for clinical symposiums, surgical workshops, medical quizzes, music concerts, and athletic meets. Active institutional clubs coordinate regular blood donation drives, pulse polio immunization camps, and rural health awareness rallies across Medchal-Malkajgiri District.

Scholarships

Undergraduate and postgraduate students at Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences are eligible to avail various state and central government scholarship schemes:

• Telangana ePASS Post-Matric Scholarship: Fee reimbursement and maintenance allowances administered by the Telangana Welfare Department for eligible SC, ST, BC, and EBC students admitted under Category A (CQ) whose parental annual income falls within statutory ceilings.
• National Scholarship Portal (NSP): Central sector scholarships for meritorious students from low-income families, minority community educational grants, and scholarships for differently-abled scholars.
• Malla Reddy Foundation Merit Awards: Special academic performance awards and fee concessions instituted by the Chandramma Educational Society for top rankers in university examinations.
• Commercial Educational Loans: Full documentation support provided for securing education loans under the Vidya Lakshmi scheme through nationalized and private banking partners.

Location and Connectivity

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is strategically positioned in the northern urban growth sector of Greater Hyderabad:

• Road Connectivity: Situated at Suraram X Roads along the Jeedimetla–Medchal Road, directly accessible from NH-44 (Nagpur Highway) and the Hyderabad Inner Ring Road.
• Outer Ring Road (ORR): Positioned approximately 8 km from ORR Exit 5 (Bowrampet / Gandi Maisamma) and 9 km from ORR Exit 6 (Medchal), connecting the campus to Gachibowli within 30 minutes.
• Metro Rail Access: Balanagar Metro Station and KPHB Colony Metro Station (Red Line) are situated approximately 10 to 12 km away, with direct feeder city buses and autos connecting to Suraram.
• Railway Stations: Secunderabad Junction Railway Station is located approximately 18 km away, and Begumpet Railway Station is 16 km away.
• Airport Transit: Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA), Shamshabad, is located approximately 48 km away, reachable within 45 to 50 minutes via the Outer Ring Road.

Advantages

Key institutional strengths that distinguish Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences include:

• Colossal 1,250-Bed Teaching Hospital: Heavy daily patient footfall (2,500+ outpatients) ensures extensive bedside clinical exposure across all clinical disciplines.
• Vast 160+ Seat PG Matrix: Massive post-graduate residency presence across 18 departments fosters an advanced academic and clinical learning environment.
• Expanded 200 MBBS Intake: One of the highest undergraduate intakes in Telangana with extensive departmental resources.
• Prime Greater Hyderabad Location: Effortlessly accessible from Secunderabad, Kukatpally, Kompally, and Balanagar for day-scholars and resident staff.
• Renowned Malla Reddy Group Brand: Over 30 years of educational excellence, strong alumni network, and proven academic track record.

Limitations

Aspects that prospective candidates and parents should consider before finalizing admission:

• High Patient Load and Demanding Schedule: Heavy clinical workload translates into rigorous duty shifts and busy emergency rotations for interns and postgraduates.
• Co-Located Dual Medical College Campus: The campus also houses Malla Reddy Medical College for Women, making the Suraram health city bustling and highly populated.
• Urban Industrial Periphery: Suraram is adjacent to the Jeedimetla industrial zone, which has higher commercial traffic than quiet residential suburbs.
• Private College Internship Stipend: The internship stipend of ₹6,000 to ₹9,000 per month is modest compared to government medical colleges.

Who Should Choose

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences is ideally matched for:

• NEET UG qualifiers seeking a major, high-volume private teaching hospital in Greater Hyderabad with extensive clinical exposure.
• Students residing in northern and central Hyderabad (Secunderabad, Kukatpally, Kompally, Balanagar, Medchal) who desire convenient day-scholar commuting.
• Aspirants who value an active postgraduate environment with 160+ resident doctors and wide super-speciality exposure.
• Postgraduate MD/MS candidates seeking high operative caseloads in general surgery, orthopedics, OBG, and intensive internal medicine postings.

Who Should Consider Other Options

Candidates should prioritize alternative medical institutions if:

• They seek an exclusively female campus environment (in which case Malla Reddy Medical College for Women on the same campus or Dr. VRK Women’s Medical College is preferable).
• They have secured top state ranks qualifying them for premier government colleges like Osmania Medical College or Gandhi Medical College.
• They prefer a quiet, remote rural campus far from bustling urban traffic.
• They prioritize a high government internship stipend during their CRMI house surgeoncy year.

Admission Tips

Tactical advice for maximizing success during counselling for Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences:

1. Verify College Code (MRMC / MRIMS): Ensure you select the co-educational Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (Code: MRMC / 034) and do not confuse it with Malla Reddy Medical College for Women (Code: MRKW / 041).
2. Strategic Choice Ordering: For Category A candidates scoring between 530 and 560, place MRIMS among your top 5 private college preferences in Round 1 and Round 2.
3. Category B Preparedness: For Management Quota applicants (385–435 marks), register early in the KNRUHS/MCC MQ notification and prepare the requisite financial bank guarantee documents for reporting.
4. Document Verification: Keep three sets of self-attested photocopies of all original documents and multiple passport photographs ready prior to attending physical verification.

Final Verdict

Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS, Suraram) stands as a titan among private medical colleges in Telangana. Combining a massive 1,250-bed teaching hospital with over 2,500 daily outpatients, an approved intake of 200 MBBS students, over 160 postgraduate seats across 18 disciplines, world-class infrastructure, and a strategic location in Greater Hyderabad, MRIMS offers an extraordinary training ground for medical aspirants seeking comprehensive clinical mastery and professional excellence.

Frequently Asked Questions

Sources Used

This institutional guide has been compiled and validated utilizing statutory disclosures and regulatory publications, including:

• National Medical Commission (NMC) College & Course Approval Registers & Seat Matrices (nmc.org.in)
• Kaloji Narayana Rao University of Health Sciences (KNRUHS) UG & PG Admission Notifications & Web Counselling Results (knruhs.telangana.gov.in)
• Medical Counselling Committee (MCC) Deemed University Counselling Brochures (mcc.nic.in)
• Telangana Admission and Fee Regulatory Committee (TAFRC) Fee Determination Orders for Medical Colleges
• Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences Mandatory Institutional Disclosures & Hospital Reports (mrims.edu.in)